The most simple muzzleloader, will it work?

[T. O'Heir]

"...will it work?..." For what? A tube with BP in it, a bullet and a way of ignition will always work. How accurate it will be is another question. Probably not at all.
There's nothing simple about that "design" though. The most complicated part is the trigger. Said trigger doesn't appear to actually do anything either. The 'fuse' will ignite the powder as soon as its burning gets to the powder. Not in the middle of the powder. AND you have no seal between the bullet and barrel. You'll lose most of the pressure.
"...strong enough to contain the pressure without any support of the barrel..." No cartridge does that.

[Monday]

With a strong enough cartridge it could, but it's clumsy, it's better with thin cartridges and a heavy barrel instead. If i want to make thin cartridges, what is my best option? Brass? Hard steel? Glassfiber?

I talked to a pyrotechnist, and it's not that easy to make e-matches connected to one trigger + safety and make it reliable, safe and compact. But it's possible.

Bullet and barrel will be sealed, a small slot just enough to contain either the wire of a e-match or a ordinary fuse will be made in the bullet. This slot won't leak more gas than a ordinary touch hole would. A shot could also be used instead of a bullet.

Here's some pictures of the cartridge pistol with ordinary fuse, ignited at the muzzle through a fixed lighter. Doesn't get simplier than that.
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[maillemaker]

I think trying to light off a black powder gun via a fuse dangling out the barrel is a non-starter.

One serious problem will be loading the ball. It's going to try and pull the fuse down with itself as it is driven down the bore.

Steve

[4V50 Gary]

Concur with maillemaker. A fuse = long lock time.

Why a slotted bullet? The British Brunswick rifle had a belted ball and it was a pain. The Russians did one step further and had a rifle that fired a ball that had two belts.

[maillemaker]

He wants the slot to provide clearnace for the fuze.

Steve

[B.L.E.]

It think the whole idea was to have a whole bunch of preloaded tubes to put down the bore for rapid shooting so the problem of assembling such a tube is not that big an issue. The ball could even be loose enough to allow room for the fuse. Also, since the tube is only going to be shot once, grease in front of the ball is unnecessary. A quick match that burns past the round is very common in pyrotechnic mortar rounds.

Quick match fuses are the pyrotechnic equivalent of det cord used in blasting. The burn is so fast that the mortar round goes off nearly as soon as some one touches it with a burning flare or artilleryman's linstock. Timing is so important in professional pyrotechnic displays that they have to use quick matches for well synchronized shots. Amateur mortar rounds sold in fireworks stores use slow matches.