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Old August 8, 2012, 03:28 PM   #26
kraigwy
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Everyone serious about shooting and developing loads should read "The Secrets of the Huston Warehouse"

In addition, read this:

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA542434

The above link is about testing military ammo, besides case prep it was discovered that getting the bullet seated staight in the case is critical.

The link confirms the findings in the Secrets of the Hustion Warehouse.
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Old August 8, 2012, 07:09 PM   #27
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To me the correct answer to all three is, it depends.

First, it's a math problem. Sources of error that affect group size don't add up linearly. They add up the way standard deviations do, as the square root of the sum of the squares. Each source of error adds a certain amount of area to the group, and the bigger the group gets, the smaller the change in radius needed to eliminate that same area, and the less significant it is to the diameter of the group.

YAWWWWWN! (There he goes again. Why should I care about the math?) Well, in this case its because it tells you why some accuracy loading steps matter to some guns and shooters, but don't seem to help others out at all.

Suppose I turn case necks on a benchrest gun and it improves my 100 yard groups from 1/4" circles to 1/8" circles. A 50% improvement! That's the difference between winning and not even placing in some benchrest matches. A very big deal! So, now I load the same ammo into a hunting rifle that normally shoots 1 moa groups without neck turning, but for which everything else is the same as the benchrest gun was (firing pin shape and protrusion and energy, chamber size, bore dimensions, barrel steel, barrel length and crown geometry). How much will neck turning improve the groups, assuming it reduces group area the same amount? 1/8"? Nope. Changing a 1/4" group to 1/8" removes 0.037 in² of area from a group that started with 0.049 in² of area. A 76% percent reduction in area. But if I subtract 0.037 in² from a round 1 moa group (0.861 in² of area), The same change is a much smaller percentage. It will only improve a 1 moa group by about 23 thousandths of an inch. Pretty impossible to see, given that it's less than random size variation from one group to the next.

So the trick is to address the dominant issues in your gun. What they are will vary with the platform. Are you going to worry about getting bullets perfectly straight into the cartridge, reducing it's runout? Well, Harold Vaughn showed 0.004" of bullet tilt only affected group radius in his gun by about 0.36 moa using a tight 6mm PPC machine rest platform. But A. A. Abbatiello showed that for a much looser miiltary type match rifle chamber in 30-06, that same 0.004" of tilt made almost 1.0 moa of difference on target. So, in your 1 moa hunting rifle, if it responds like Abbatiello's guns did, it might be the main accuracy issue you have. But if it responds like Vaughn's did, it might only shrink that 1 moa by about 7%, hard to see in the normal group size variation. So, with your bullet choice and chamber dimension it might be another almost invisible factor.

There's only one way to find out.

Components are different, too. Hatcher described loading two stick powders for National Match ammunition one year, both about like modern IMR4320, but one with a short grain and one with a long grain. The Frankford Arsenal loading equipment could dispense the short grain to ±0.3 grain precision (0.6 grain span). It could only dispense the long grain to ±0.85 grain precision (1.7 grain span). Yet, the coarse grain ammunition shot consistently better groups than the short grain loads and was selected for that year's national match load and several records were broken with it. Powder combustion is complicated and is affected by space between grains. My guess is that powder in the particular charge weight chosen behaved such that when the grains were more tightly packed it slowed the flame front passage just enough to make the powder behave as a slower burning powder would. The result was that increases in charge weight were compensated for by decreases in burn rate, resulting in bullet barrel time remaining about the same.

But who knows? A. A. Abbatiello used NM ammunition sorted with a runout gauge. If he'd been able to change the seating depth, would the runout still have been as critical? I don't know.

Twice in my life I've encountered guns with barrels so badly made that the rifling was unevenly deep on opposite sides of the bore. Both of them tumbled and keyholed anything you shot through them from about 25 feet on. One was a S&W m. 41 .22 Rimfire target pistol. The other was a 4" barrel on a Dan Wesson v.15. I've not seen this yet it in a rifle, but know of no reason it couldn't happen there, too. It's one instance in which the barrel has to be replaced before any loading practice you have in mind will make any difference to it.

I've also watched fellows so nervous they couldn't stay on paper from prone position at a local 100 yard reduced range match. It didn't matter for them how good or bad the guns or the ammo were. On the other hand I've been pleasantly surprised by how many beginning match shooters will arrive on the line with something looser than Fibber McGee's closet, declaring it shoots better than they do, only to find their best scores improve 10 or 15 points if you persuade them to use an accurized loaner rifle.

So, the bottom line is that shooting is a shooter, gun, ammo system. You have to decide where the weakest link is. If you can eliminate the shooter by shooting from a bench, that's one variable down, though most I see can't eliminate him as completely as they might believe by employing that course of action (they aren't good bench shooters). Still, you have to figure out what matters to your gun, then address those factors in your loading before addressing others. This will determine your top three.

I'll mention one last thing. One year I tried shooting 2520 in my M1A. That gun normally shot about 0.7 moa from prone, but with 2520 it was more like 1.2 moa. I tried adjusting the load, the seating depth and other physical factors. At the time I was using Federal 210M primers, being blissfully unaware of slamfire talk and also didn't know that going to a magnum primer could help spherical propellant ignition. What I tried was deburring the case flash holes. Bingo. Groups dropped to the usual 0.7 moa for that gun fired from the bench. That deburring never made a hint of improvement with any stick powder I tried in that gun. But with that primer and that powder at my charge weight, it mattered.

So, which loading steps are most important? It depends on where in the particular shooting system the dominant errors are. You can see how, in the last example, if I'd never tried anything but my favorite stick powders, I might have concluded that deburring flash holes makes no difference at all. It's easy to fool yourself into concluding things that are true for your particular equipment and loading data applies to all others, too, but that doesn't make it so. The only thing I know to do is try things until you find out what matters to the weapon(s) and shooter in question. Also, based on the math, things that didn't matter when your groups were big can begin to matter as your groups get small. Keep that in mind as your shooting skills improve.

So like I said; it depends.
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Old August 8, 2012, 08:54 PM   #28
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Awesome answers .... thanks very much...
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Old August 8, 2012, 09:13 PM   #29
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Geeze, a reloading thread that hits the nail on the head and tells it straight! Well done!

Since the OP was looking for things that he could do to improve accuracy, I'll toss this in............

Anything that you do to improve consistency will help but throwing a ton of money at the issue won't guarantee a major return in accuracy. I'd like to address getting the best accuracy for the money spent.

I've experimented with almost every aspect of reloading to get the magic reload. I've weighed and sorted cases and bullets, weighed every powder charge, fiddled with primers on & on.

I read the post about powder charges being fairly unimportant as long as they're in the ballpark and it made me smile as that's exactly what I found.

I found that the biggest single factor in component selection is internal case capacity. The cases are formed differently and outwardly look the same. Internally, however, the volume of the cases varies a lot. Once, I sorted by case lot. Now, I just sort by brand. It matters. edit...This is not a big factor in pistol rounds. It is a major factor in long range rifle rounds.

I'll continue............
Loading match bullets at SD pistol distances is a waste of time and money. The return just isn't there. That is based on Ransom Rest tests and chronograph readings. Revolvers invariably have one chamber that isn't exactly like the others and there's not a lot you can do for that.

Match rifle bullets really come into play after 200 yards. At 200 or less, it doesn't make a lot of difference as long as you use a quality bullet.

At 600 yards, it's all about bullets and keeping them supersonic.

This is based on NRA position match shooting from 200-600 yards. I am NOT a benchrest bug hole shooter! Their opinion is probably different.

Flash

Last edited by ROGER4314; August 9, 2012 at 11:45 AM.
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Old August 8, 2012, 11:09 PM   #30
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I still have few tight neck rifles and lot of good rifle being build with what's called no-turn-necks.

I think most reloaders as they gain experience they have certain things they consider important vs having a list of do's and don'ts.
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Old August 8, 2012, 11:54 PM   #31
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Sort Headstamps?

I have shot over 300 groups each in 9x19, .40S&W, and .45Auto. In each case, they were matched between cases that had the SAME headstamp and as close to the same weight a possible compared to a grab bag of random never-heard-of headstamps.
Averaging through all this data, for each caliber, the mixed brass tended to have an average smaller group size by about 0.20-0.45" in all three cartridges.
Comparing those cases where the matched cases produced a smaller group and where the mixed (and I do mean mixed) produces a smaller group, the mixed just edged out the matched about 52% to 48%.
Each matched pair was fired through the same gun, randomly, without my knowledge of what case and charge weight I was shooting--as blind as I could easily make it.
I say--It just doesn't matter.
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Old August 9, 2012, 11:42 AM   #32
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Re Case capacity....I say--It just doesn't matter.

I reload for pistol and rifle and I agree that the internal case capacity of pistol cases is not a major issue.

It's like using match bullets at less than 50 feet. I think it's a waste of money. You can do it if you want to and it won't hurt anything but it won't be a cost effective change for what it gains for you in accuracy.

I have some .45's loaded on a mixed bag of cases right now and that doesn't bother me. Where you see a big difference is in rifle rounds for long range shooting. Some manuals even caution you to watch carefully for pressure signs when charging commercial versus military brass due to differences in internal case capacity.

I wasn't real clear. Thanks for pointing that out. I placed an edit in my initial post.

Flash

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Old August 12, 2012, 09:57 PM   #33
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1: Your powder burnrate and weight of charge needs to be compatable with bullet weight.

2: Case preperation

3: The bullet

THE BREAK DOWN

1: There are different types of powder from ball, extruded, long cut extruded, short cut extruded, spherical, flake, to name a few. All have different burn rates, different compaction, and volume size. In most cases the more volume the powder has in the case, the better the accuracy. the slower the burn rate is, the more pressure behind the bullet. Normally for heavier bullets slower burning powder is used. Keeping a constant amount of powder in each shell is the biggest factor.

2: The most important thing when it comes to case prep for accuracy is in the sizing process. Some neck sized only, some full length size depending on what weapon you shoot. The second most important thing in case prep would have to be trimming the length of the case along with chamfering and deburring the neck inside and out. Then primer pocket prep. next would have to be flash hole prep.

3: What effects the accuracy of the bullet most is the shape. long pointed bullets with boat tails are supposedly better for "cutting the wind". Flat based bullets with round noses are supposedly not as accurate. Then The weight of the bullet because the weight of the bullet determines how wind resistant it is. Then the hardness of the bullet. Harder bullets build more pressure because they don't shape in the barrel and go through it slower than a softer bullet. jacketed lead bullets seem to have the best accuracy because they form to the shape of the barrel when traveling through with less fouling to the barrel. Lastly how the bullet is seated in the case.

4: In my humble opinion, and this is only my opinion. You need to reload each and every gun differently to conform to the guns needs. Some guns shoot better with different powders, bullets ect...

Last edited by ky hunter; August 12, 2012 at 10:02 PM.
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Old August 13, 2012, 08:17 AM   #34
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Too bad most "accuracy" determinations are flawed by us humans' inability to hold, fire and move in recoil exactly the same for each shot. Some are more repeatable than others, but such is life.

Regarding the comment:
Quote:
What effects the accuracy of the bullet most is the shape.
I strongly disagree. Bullet balance is far more important than shape. The more unbalanced they are, the more they'll jump off the muzzle axis as they exit and take a more irregular spiraled path downrange as well as having a greater drag going through the air causing more vertical shot stringing as range increases. Doesn't matter how streamlined or blunt nosed they are; if all have exactly the same shape and weight and are perfectly balanced and leave at the same muzzle velocity in a stable atmosphere, they'll all go in the same hole down range because they all have the same ballistic coefficient for each one. The only difference is the streamlined ones will have less of a trajectory arc to the target than the blunt ones.

Nowadays, there's no significant difference between the best boattail and flat based bullets. Benchresters used to prefer flat based ones for short ranges but seems the boattail ones have finally equalled and often bettered them. It takes a rifle and shooter capable of consistant sub 2/10ths MOA at short range to tell the difference.

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Old June 28, 2016, 01:38 AM   #35
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Read the Houston Warehouse Story

If you haven't read The Secrets of the Houston Warehouse... it is pure speculation. Read it.. you'll learn a lot. Especially that there are lots of so called experts promoting different theories on reloading that are simply BS. When YOU can shoot 25 mil groups, I'll start listening to you. But till then I'll stick with the Houston Warehouse results. I just laugh at a lot of these opinions expressed here, after having read the Warehouse story.
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Old June 28, 2016, 10:33 AM   #36
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Here is the hype:
http://precisionrifleblog.com/2013/1...ifle-accuracy/

Here is the link to a pdf with of the original article:
http://2poqx8tjzgi65olp24je4x4n.wpen...ion-1-1993.pdf

An important and often out of control variable is wind. That is why they did it in a warehouse, less wind.
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Old June 28, 2016, 02:09 PM   #37
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Quote:
If you haven't read The Secrets of the Houston Warehouse... it is pure speculation. Read it.. you'll learn a lot. Especially that there are lots of so called experts promoting different theories on reloading that are simply BS. When YOU can shoot 25 mil groups, I'll start listening to you. But till then I'll stick with the Houston Warehouse results. I just laugh at a lot of these opinions expressed here, after having read the Warehouse story.
I thought it was a fantastic story and an excellent read. And I did read all the way to the end as was suggested above and I thought the ending kinda sucked but the story was still fantastic.

However...
If you think that all the other theories on proven rifle accuracy are bunk because of the Houston Warehouse story, I would ask you where your warehouse is located.

Because it seems to me... and admittedly, I have only been around a bit more than 40 years... but MOST of the guys I see shooting rifles... the guys competing... the guys hunting... the guys who want bragging rights with buddies... they guys who simply want to chase the best they can manage... well, maybe I have lived my whole damn life in the dark, but almost all of those guys are not shooting in perfect warehouse conditions with bench mounted rifles that are built by engineering geniuses and guncrafting artists for untold FAT STACKS of money...

Those guys are usually shooting rifles... outdoors... in the sun or the wind or the rain.
Quote:
When YOU can shoot 25 mil groups, I'll start listening to you.
You too, Chief. And here's a suggestion: heed the advice to not touch the stock of the rifle with your shoulder... I think it might slam violently in to that chip and might be uncomfortable.
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Old June 28, 2016, 02:15 PM   #38
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This is new BR record 100yd outdoors

http://bulletin.accurateshooter.com/...ve-shot-group/
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Old June 28, 2016, 03:19 PM   #39
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schleeb,

laugh at opinions all you want, it's a free country. However, it comes across as rude that you say, "because this one story I read said this."

The "Houston Warehouse" is old internet lore, I first read it back in the 90's (and I'm a young guy on this forum, Clark and I have been bouncing around the internet bumping into each other for almost two decades now). A lot of new folks in the field of rifle accuracy really focus on benchrest because of how impossibly tight the groups seem to be compared to everything else. But the biggest reason for that is the whole point of benchrest is to remove the human from the equation.

The other thing is that benchrest as a game doesn't care how accurate you are (close to an aiming point) it cares only about the size of the shot group. Shooting a really tight group meaured in the tens of thousands in the 7 ring is going to score less than a looser shot group centered in the X ring with spillover into the ten and nine rings. This should give you a good working definition between "accuracy" and "precision" as confusing the two terms is also a common mistake people make.

So this thread is about "accuracy" and not about "precision." And accuracy is much harder to achieve than precision. You can laugh at that statement all you want, but watch those benchrest groups grow when someone tries to shoot a benchrest rifle across the course in an 88 shot high power format.

To sum it up, benchrest is a shooting discipline designed for precision. If you want a shooting discipline designed for accuracy (the first shot hitting where you want it, and repeating that) then you need a sport that scores hits.

Hope this helps you.

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Old June 29, 2016, 06:25 PM   #40
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Jimro, Benchrest is not only about groups as HBR is a score shoot and LR 1000yds you can win with group or score.

http://internationalbenchrest.com/do...vised_2012.pdf

Look at F-Class open tell me what kind of rifles their shooting

http://bulletin.accurateshooter.com/tag/shiraz-balolia/
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Old June 29, 2016, 06:53 PM   #41
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Bart B, post #34:
What is meant by "bullet balance" and how can it be determined if it so exists? It sounds like this is something you have no control over and just have to trust that it is "there" from the manufacturing process. I assume bullet balance relates to being out of balance, or not, as it rotates. That should qualify as one of the big three for accuracy.
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Old June 29, 2016, 07:27 PM   #42
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Here come the flames...

1. Learn to shoot.
Most of the top end shooters spent years learning form follows function.
I *Thought* I knew how to shoot because I rarely missed anything under 300 yards (at 17 years old).

The military taught me how to shoot over 1,000 yards.

2. Pick a firearm that you can literally shoot all day.
If you try to shoot a .300 WinMag 2,500 times a week,
You won't stay with it long...

3. Know your chamber/barrel.
How much 'Bullet Jump' (Free Bore) the barrel has,
That tells you how long your loaded cartridge needs to be at the Olgive.

Know your twist rate, so you will know what weight/bearing surface bullet it will stablize.

Know how 'Tight' the chamber is.
Cases ARE going to blow out oversize when they are fired,
Determine if your chamber is excessively oversized.

4. Admit you are NOT smarter than the 10s of thousands of manufacturers, builders, science professionals that have done this research for well over 100 years.
'Maximum' or 'Heavy' powder loads are rarely the most accurate.
Stick to recommended 'Safe' loads published.

Added velocity *CAN* increase accuracy, when all other things are EXACTLY CORRECT.
All other times it just adds another wild card variable to the situation.

5. Loading for a single rifle/handgun?
OR,
For more than one firearm in the same caliber?

For ONE specific firearm, you can leave the case blown out,
Just neck resize, push the shoulder back where it belongs,
Resize the neck to hold another bullet...

If you are building ammo that *MIGHT* (any possibility at all it could wind up in a different firearm),
You have no choice other than to resize to SAAMI specification.

From personal experence, other than some exotic caliber bench rifles,
Hyper accurate to begin with,
I don't see any real advantage to just neck resizing...
Its easy enough to shoot a .223 Rem, 10 shot group @100 yds you can cover with a dime using SAAMI resized cases.

If you have a rifle of putting 10 rounds through the same hole, you wouldn't be asking questions here... So a dime or even quarter size group should be a goal for now as you gain experence.

-----

I check chamber concentricy with the bore of the rifle.
Chambers and bores are two different cuts,
The chamber often doesn't line up with the bore.

I check to see how far off the rifling lands the bullet sets in a SAAMI sized case.
You *Normally* don't want the bullet to 'Jump' a long way, picking up speed and then slamming into the rifling.
Seat your bullets in the case accordingly to close up excessive 'Free Bore'.

This is as easy as seating a QUALITY bullet in a case with a good crimp,
(No primer or powder)
Stick it in the chamber, rotate it to see where the rub marks show up on bullet & case.
Make each one a little longer until you get a bullet rub on the rifling when rotating.
(No primer/powder means you can thread the primer hole and use an extension to rotate the case. No sense in buying expensive tools to gauge ONE firearm chamber)

When you get a rub on the bullet, then seat your bullets about 0.002" deeper in the case.
That's all there is to it...

I use 'Match' or 'Close Tolerance' dies for all rifle cases.
Common dies for handgun.
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Old June 30, 2016, 11:04 AM   #43
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Old Roper,

They don't call F-Class "belly benchrest" for nothing. It's a pity the sport drifted away from practical shooting, now all the guys I know, even in F-T/R are shooting custom sticks with thousands of dollars in it. The last purchase a buddy of mine made had to have the barrel fluted as an afterthought just to get under the max weight for F-T/R for 308 Win. Heck of a rifle though, right bolt left port, Bartlein barrel, real sweet shooter pushing Berger 185 Juggernauts.

But, it's a sport where you get to use bipods and sand socks to minimize the human influence, so what it comes down to is who can read the wind the best that day. Nothing wrong with that, especially if your "hunting" is varminting from the prone.

However there is even an AR benchrest and Shotgun benchrest subculture, which doesn't make too much sense to me, but as long as people are having fun that's all that really matters. Of course I don't want to be carrying a benchrest AR for room clearing, and definitely don't want a benchrest shotgun for water fowling or trap/skeet shooting.

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Old June 30, 2016, 03:13 PM   #44
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Top 3 in reloading for me would be, case headspace, bullet & powder. This post is over 4 years old, hope his question was answered. Bart B hasn't been around for awhile, hope he's OK.
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Old June 30, 2016, 03:19 PM   #45
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Yes I've noticed that Bart hasn't posted for some time. I guess he won't elaborate on my follow up question to his earlier post.
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Old June 30, 2016, 07:28 PM   #46
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condor bravo, that post sounded a little screwy to me. Thought he was thinking of at first a crown or twist problem. How would you check a manufacturing problem. That's another ball game. condor I listed a post about removing the ejector on a Rem. 700. Causing pressure on one side of a chambered round causing it to cant to the side. Did you hear of this? Just read an article about improving accuracy for bench rest shooters. Removed mine, case layes on the follower, works better for me, l load one at a time. Will see if it improves accuracy.

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Old June 30, 2016, 10:30 PM   #47
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Yes I saw the post about removing the extractor on model 700s, and I thought the post was yours, but can't find it again. You are going to give it a try though, any little bit may help. The bullet balance post wasn't really that clear but it seems it is something you have no control over.
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Old July 1, 2016, 01:47 AM   #48
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condor bravo,

You can control for bullet imbalance if you "test and cull" to make match bullets even more uniform: http://www.space-electronics.com/Products/se199-se300

Generally that's not something I worry about though as my accuracy goals are to make myself a better shot, not have the absolute utmost in precision from the gear.

Honestly the best investment I ever made for becoming more accurate was getting a good air rifle.

Jimro
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Old July 1, 2016, 07:37 AM   #49
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By "reloading factors", I'm going to assume the OP means those things having to do with reloading, and assumes that the gun in reasonable functional, and the shooter is reasonable competent.

1. Bullet selection, and compatibility with your gun - by far the most critical.

2. Powder selection and optimum charge.

I don't have a 3rd one. Everything else, provided it's reasonably within spec - case prep, cases, seating depth, primers, is fine tuning your base load developed on the first two factors.
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Old July 1, 2016, 08:50 AM   #50
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Jimro:
Detecting the center of gravity, that makes sense. I pulled up your link but so far don't have the courage to go any further since the system looks pricey. There is always a solution to about everything it seems.
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Ouch, the dreaded "M-1 thumb", you just know it will happen eventually, so why not do it now and get it over with??
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