Federal law (18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(16)) exempts many black-powder guns from the definition of firearm. In theory, a person disqualified from owning firearms as defined by federal law can own them.
Several states have more restrictive definitions. For example, Georgia law defines a firearm as, "any handgun, rifle, shotgun, stun gun, taser, or other weapon which will or can be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive or electrical charge."
Short answer: federal law isn't the problem, but state laws can be.
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Sometimes it’s nice not to destroy the world for a change.
--Randall Munroe
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