I wouldn't pick a 45-70 for most western hunting. Too many opportunities for shots well beyond the range of that round.
Non-magnum I don't think you can beat a 30-06 for all around use. A 7mm Mag will get you a little bit better long range performance and would be a great choice too, as would one of the 300 Mags. If you're recoil sensitive, look into a 7mm-08. It would be a little less than ideal for elk but serviceable. In any of these rounds pick your favorite bolt action and put some Leupold glass on it.
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