Most folks forget that until the latter part of the 19th century, all game was killed with a lead bullet, often a patched lead ball traveling at about 1300 fps. That was state of the art for many centuries. With the invention of the cupronickel jacket at the beginning of the 20th century, we began using jacket bullets. Before then, not so much.
A 12 gauge slug will take any game in the world if you get close enough and put your slug in the correct spot. With the invention of the paradox choke and rifled barrels, the shotgun slug became much more accurate and effective.
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