"So there's no difference in velocity and energy between 16" to 20" other than additional barrel weight?"
2400 fps vs 2491 fps.
1403 ft-lbs vs 1515 ft-lbs.
"Will the 300AAC reach out to 300 yards with enough energy to hunt with?"
Yes - energy and bullet performance is fine at 300 - but the drop at 300 is about 11 inches from a 200 yard zero - so if you want to shoot beyond 300 yards - you will have to start to do scope adjustments or holdover.
If you want to hunt long range - 308 is the way I would go.
"If so in what configuration?"
A 9 inch barrel is good for up to 300 yards for hunting based on bullet performance. A 6 inch barrel I would limit to 200 yards.
"If not what is the max effective range?"
For hunting I would say 300 yards. For military use and by M4 standards based on hit probability, it is 440 meters from a 9 inch barrel and 460 meters from a 16 inch barrel. This is because those are the ranges for which the wind drift and drop matches the M4 at its stated max effective range.
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