Straightening if done correctly will not have too much affect. If the barrel is extremely warped it should not be straightened but thrown away. In that senario the straightening could weaken the barrel. Modern straighteners no longer rely on operator skill. The only bend what is necessary to get the barrel straight. If a barrel is too bad to start with the straightening will put extreme stresses in the barrel (form of cold working). Some companies still use the manual straighteners which are okay with skilled operators but that skill is hard to learn. Believe me, I've done straightening.
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