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There is no such thing as, "surface rust" (the rust in the bottom of the pit also). Also, all rust pits the steel albeit, light rust only makes very small pits. The chemical symbol for the Iron in the steel is Fe. Fe2O3 is the chemical symbol for rust. Once the Fe combines with oxygen in the air and forms Fe2O3 (rust, actually Iron Oxide), there is a pit, even if you can only see it with a jewelers loupe.
Iron Oxide being softer than steel, can be removed with 0000 steel wool and oil as posted above.
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