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I'm going to have to side with Fred on this one. The .308 vs .30-06 example may not be a good one, but the concept is correct. Note also that I'm not suggesting (and I don't think Fred is either) that you can fill the space with powder just because it's there. We're saying that for a given powder charge, seating the bullet further out of the case will result in less pressure.
For a better example, refer to the Speer reloading manual, edition 12. They make a 300-grain bullet for the .44, and they have 2 separate sections for the .44 magnum cartridge - one in the handgun section, one in the rifle.
Their 300-grainer has 2 cannelures - the rear one is for revolver OAL; the forward one is for OAL for lever action rifles. Although the expected velocity from the rifle is higher (naturally), the maximum load is (working from memory here) approximately 2 grains less than the maximum shown for the handgun's longer OAL. Allowable pressure is the same for both.
Another example? Doesn't bullet setback sometimes cause KaBooms? Why?
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