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You should really go to the black powder forum here for good information about paper cartridge breech loaders.
Basically you buy or mold lead bullets. Usually those will be in the 50+ caliber range. The Sharps repro I fired was an 1863 in .54 caliber.
You can either buy special paper made for the purpose to make the cartridge or find regular paper that is similar to rolling paper.
A dowel is placed at the base of the bullet and the paper rolled around both, then glued.
Black powder or a modern equivalent is poured into the open end of the paper, then sealed. Powder loads for the rifle I fired were from 90gr to 120gr. iirc 140gr was the maximum recommended.
The cartridge is loaded into the breech and closing the action snips off the end of the paper.
A cap is placed on the nipple, some people use primers.
Then following the 4 rules you safely discharge the rifle.
As I said that's just the bare bones. Black powder experts and perhaps cowboy shooters can give you much better detail.
I can just say that shooting that rifle was a hoot and a half.
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