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Let's assume that 90% of the population would commit violent crimes if not for the deterrent effect of the criminal justice system.
Let's assume about 10% do and are found guilty (I don't know the actual number though it could probably be found). Of course there is a number who are guilty and not tried / convicted / caught.
Our discussion seems to be concentrating on the 10%. If we only sample the 10% and do not consider the 80% it looks much worse and ineffective than it is. If we have an 80% deterrent rate we are doing pretty good. Of course better would be nice but perfect is impossible too.
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