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What I got out of this video was that handgun bullets generally lack sufficient penetration to incapacitate the victims.
Makes me wonder if all of the hype about maximum expansion is legit. Should defensive loads need to have a combination of both qualities? Expansion and penetration? And if so, what bullet is that?
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The same FBI study referenced in the video includes a test protocol that specifies a
minimum penetration of 12" in 10% ballistic gelatin for SD ammo, and specifies a
maximum penetration of 18".
You can find quite a few test results online, many of which are on the ammo manufacturer's LE websites, that present expansion & penetration results in gelatin. Plenty of 9mm, .40 and .45 ammo SD will meet the 12" minimum
and produce impressive expansion. (HST, Ranger-T and DPX seem to have the most reliable expansion and all achieve the 12" minimum).
The 12" depth in gelatin doesn't = 12" in humans, and there is no guarantee that penetration in gelatin will result in
adequate penetration in a human. But you have to use some benchmark ........ and we still have to get good hits ............ and we shouldn't stop getting good hits until the threat has ended.