There are other ways of tying any gun to a crime.
The spent cartridge casing carries marks from the extractor, ejector, firing pin, and bolt face.
In the case of a shotgun the spent wad can be used to ID brand of cartridges.
If a slug load is used then they have a "bullet".
In some case's the shot used, lead/plated/steel.
The powder residue can give a indication of the shell manufacture.
There are more than one way to tie a gun to a crime and the police have them figured them all out. Good for the victim not so good for the bad guy.
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