Take a look at the Walking Dead, for instance. When they fire their guns, half the time the action doesn't even cycle. They add all that (as well as most of the blood, flies, etc.) in with CGI.
On the other hand, there was an episode of Sons of Guns (Red Jacket Firearms) where they converted a Mac 10 to work only with blanks and it was fed from an actual magazine that contained a somewhat realistic number of rounds.
I believe they might also use squibs, a small and controlled explosive charge, but usually this is put under or inside something (clothes, a vase) to make that little explosion that happens when something is shot.
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