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Old July 29, 2014, 10:19 AM   #2
Unclenick
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Join Date: March 4, 2005
Location: Ohio
Posts: 21,743
It's always good to assume nothing when providing the baseline information. If you make people look things up, they often won't take the time, so you end up getting fewer responses than you otherwise would.

Give your chambering (.40 S&W), your specific bullet brand and include its length as well as its weight. Say which primer you are using, give your case brand, and give your finished cartridge overall length (COL) along with the powder charge. Also give barrel length. In this case you have a 4" barrel which is the same length the SAAMI standard pressure barrel is this round. That matters because a different barrel length would give a different expected velocity.

Alliant's powder charge numbers are maximum recommended loads. You start 10% below their number and work up. For handguns, I prefer starting 15% low (Western Powder's recommendation) as different bullet lengths affect powder space more significantly in handgun ammunition than in rifle ammunition because of its smaller case volumes.

Pressures only match closely when the gun, case, primer, bullet, and seating depth all match up. It's not just affected by bullet weight, even though that is the largest factor (with some notable exceptions, like deep seated full wadcutters). Seating depth matching is important because it determines how far the bullet base is from the bottom of the case on the inside. That determines how much space the powder starts burning in, which affects peak pressure.

Seating Depth = case length + bullet length – COL

If you have more powder space than Alliant did, then you may have lower pressure. If your chamber lets the case expand more than theirs did (likely, because they use a SAAMI standard test barrel, which is made to minimum SAAMI chamber specs), you may get lower pressure. If your bullet is softer than theirs, or if you use a milder primer, again, you may get lower pressure. All those factors can mean your gun needs more powder to match their velocity result. However, given that it is in the nature of some powders to raise pressure rapidly beyond a certain charge level, and given that some chronograph setups are more accurate than others, it is generally best not to exceed the manufacturer's maximum number if you don't have a fair amount of reloading experience identifying pressure signs.

In this instance, Alliant is claiming 7.2 grains of Unique produces 1064 fps with the 165 grain Speer Gold Dot bullet seated to 1.12" COL using a CCI 500 primer from their 4" test barrel. QuickLOAD shows 6.7 grains of Unique would hit 1000 fps in their gun.
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