I would assume the .40 would still be accelerating at 16", though at that point you'd probably be getting diminishing returns.
Check out
www.ballisticsbytheinch.com, they have velocities of many loadings of most major calibers; they have a test platform where they cut the barrel down inch-by inch and measure the velocity each time. They also have test velocities of those loads from various real-world firearms. It's an awesome site.