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Congratulations on your Mosin Nagant.
Before you start grinding try some other tests first.
Clean the chamber very, very well. Cosmolene from storage and lacquer from surplus comblock cartridges can build up in the chamber. With some old surplus rifles it may take a chamber brush wrapped in 0000 steel wool, dipped in solvent and driven by a drill motor.
Get a set of headspace gages GO and NO-GO and use them.
Disassemble the bolt head from the bolt assembly and drive out the extractor. Reassemble the bolt assembly without the extractor. Then try to chamber a cartridge. If it chambers, then examine the edges of the extractor for burrs. The extractor on a Mosin Nagant is fixed on the bolt head and has to turn through a 90 degree arc. Any burrs on the extractor will snag the edge of the cartridge rim. Also, if the rim is too large in diameter, the extractor will not be able to turn through the 90 degree arc. Do you have another brand of cartridge that you can try?
Finally, even though the rifle is surplus, the Finns did send many through a refurbishment facility and some were rebarrelled. If yours is one of those, it could be the barrel chamber was not properly finish reamed (this isn't very likely as the Finns were pretty meticulous in their rebuilds).
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