0000 steel wool and oil doesn't bother the bluing. Mind you, both the steel wool and the brass wheel are meant for light rust only. If the rust is flaking the steel has been eaten away. It may or may not be a big deal, depending on how much steel has rusted away. It's certainly not as big a deal on a .22 as it is on a centre fire.
If there's any pitting, the rust will come off, but the pits won't. Pitting is caused by the rust eating into the steel. Light pitting isn't the end of the world, safety-wise. It's just unsightly.
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