I think it really depends on what variable your trying to isolate. If your testing ammo. 3-4 shots would probably do.
If your wanting to test the shooter. You'll need a few more, of course. The rifle? 10 shot groups are good.
My rifle will shoot a 10 round group at average of 1.15 MOA ( I still claim it to be a sub MOA shooter though
simply because with my hand loaded loads it ...it would be
Don't take that from me. This average includes factory loads
While load testing and picking the best loads I shoot 4 shot groups to find my loads (shooting 10 would get expensive) The best loads at 4 shots will yield me an average of .6" with bests being in the .275"-.4" range