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shall be fined not more than $100
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Refusing to answer the
American Community Survey (formerly the long-form census) has a bit stiffer fine - up to $5,000.
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The American Community Survey is conducted under the authority of Title 13, United States Code, Sections 141 and 193, and response is mandatory. According to Section 221, persons who do not respond shall be fined not more than $100. Title 18 U.S.C. Section 3571 and Section 3559, in effect amends Title 13 U.S.C. Section 221 by changing the fine for anyone over 18 years old who refuses or willfully neglects to complete the questionnaire or answer questions posed by census takers from a fine of not more than $100 to not more than $5,000.
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Based on the logic used and the statutes cited, the same larger fine would also appear to apply to refusing to answer the questions in the general census.
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Refusing to answer questions seems to be a misdemeanor
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Refusing to answer the American Community Survey appears to be an "infraction" as defined in
18 U.S.C. 3571(b)(7).