.40 S&W and .45 ACP cases are very easy to get mixed up. They are the same length and nearly the same diameter. When I'm doing range pickups for .45 (I don't shoot .40), I take a .40 S&W case and slide it inside the fired case I've just picked up. If it doesn't slide in, it's a .40 case, and if it does, it's a .45.
In a loose box or bag of fired brass, it'd be nearly impossible to pick out all the .40 brass without examining each round individually.
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