Gun weight will affect perceived recoil more than anything. I fired my PX4 9mm and a Ruger SR9c last weekend, the PX4 is a few ounces heavier and seemed to recoil less. Plus the PX4 has the rotating barrel but I'm not convinced that makes that much difference. Oh yeah, my friend's 92F, a few ounces more, seemed to recoil even a little less.
All things equal - a 3" barrel and a 6" barrel only, with no gun attached and of equal weight, in a lab test - good question, but I'd guess the longer barrel would recoil more since there is more bullet time in the barrel to build pressure, and thus recoil.
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