IMHO the CZ-82 fits every one of your criteria except the widely available cartridge (it's chambered in 9x18mm Makarov). J&G Sales, Century, etc. sell them for <$200, and they're C&R, so you can avoid transfer fees if you (or your buddy) has a C&R FFL. The mail order houses give you discounts if you buy more than one, so you might be able to get together with a friend or two and organize a "group buy".
If a CZ-82 doesn't float your boat, there are older metal-framed DA/SA S&W police trade-in semi-autos are all over the place in the $200-$350 price range in numerous different configurations. Check CDNN.
