The way I understand it is that the NFA originally had jurisdiction over both rifle and shotgun barrels of less than 18 inches. M1 carbines have 16 in barrels, and would have been NFA items, and as such would have been very difficult to sell as surplus, so the NFA was amended so M1 carbines were removed from NFA jurisdiction. I don't really know more than that, and I can't easily verify it either.
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