7.62x39 comes from a family of Russian cartridges that started with .220 Russian. The PPC series of cartridges is frome the same family. All are about 1.515 in length and have a smaller diameter head than .308. They are not even close in dimension to each other. Interestingly U.S. military is moving toward adopting a new round to replace the .223--something like 6.8X41MM based on the old 30 Remington round, similiar to the 7.62x39.
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