It was a practice pre 1900's and during the great depression to hunt bigger game like deer for the table. Not a small thing in those days. Slugs and .30-06 rounds, not to mention rifles were expensive and most or a lot of people couldn't afford them but they needed the meat and most every family had at least one shotgun. So this was a stop gap for near shots at game. Its till taught for survival situations but it is dangerous outside the old paper black powder shotgun shells.
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