Take a look at this.
Federal Ballistics
This will give you specific balistics for Federals commercial loads. If you are zeroed in at 200 yards, for example the Federal 30-06 loaded with a 150 grain Nosler Balistic Tip will drop 7.2" at 300 yards, 21.1" a 400 yards. It will be 1.6" high at 100 yards.
It is a mathematical function of velocity, bullet weight and distance. Anyway, play around with the charts on the Federal site and you will get a good picture pretty quickly.
There are a lot of other sites, just google up ballistics.