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a new barrel does make it another gun.
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Not quite; in the USA, Canada, and most European countries, when considering most modern (post-1900) bolt rifles, the regulated and serial numbered component- the part that's legally considered to be the "firearm"- is the receiver.
Since the chamber of most bolt rifles is within the barrel, and the barrel usually isn't the regulated and serial numbered part, the owner can generally change chamberings while still retaining the same rifle from a legal standpoint.
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...no one wants to utilize one reciever with many calibers unless its an AR with the latest quais tacticool caliber
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In the UK and Europe, some shooters might. In some jurisdictions over there, a potential rifle purchase is subject to stifling red tape, even if the shooter already owns one or more firearms.
OTOH as I stated in my earlier post, this generally isn't a concern in the USA, and AFAIK it's not generally a concern in Canada either if the rifle is bolt-action.