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In .22 lr, a CCI Velocitor fires a 40 grain bullet at 1435 fps.
A .22 lr CCI Mini Mag fires a 40 grain bullet at 1235 fps.
A typical 2 3/4" load of #4 buckshot, generally recommended as the minimum 12 gauge load for self defense, fires twenty-seven .24 caliber 20.7 grain pellets at a velocity of 1325 fps.
A typical 2 3/4" load of #1 buckshot, often recommended for self defense, fires sixteen .30 caliber 40.5 grain pellets at about 1250 fps.
A typical 2 3/4" load load of 00 buckshot, likely the most common choice for self defense, delivers nine .33 caliber 53.8 grain pellets also at a velocity of 1325 fps.
A typical 2 3/4" 1 oz shotgun slug is about .729 caliber or a bit less, weighs 437.5 grains, and moves along at about 1680 fps.
Shot spread varies greatly depending on individual shotgun, choke, and load. However, a spread of one inch per yard is a good starting estimate. Inside of a house, the pattern is likely to be smaller than your hand.
Birdshot is generally considered unsuitable for self defense since it tends to create shallow wounds.
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