Been a while since I thought about this so I did some research.
1) Officers receive the same type of discharges as enlisted. They traditionally have a tougher time than an enlisted man while the process is winding it way through the system. Court Martial sentences generally reduce them in rank to E-1 and assign a Dishonorable discharge.
Following is a discussion.
by Legal Intern Emily Wilson
354th Fighter Wing Judge Advocate Office
10/1/2008 - EIELSON AIR FORCE BASE, Alaska -- A military discharge is given when a member of the Armed Forces is released from their obligation to serve. There are five ways to characterize a discharge: Honorable; General (under honorable conditions); Under Other than Honorable Conditions (UOTHC); Bad Conduct; and Dishonorable. The first three are given when a service member is administratively discharged, while the latter two are the outcome of the judicial process.
This is one of the best discussions on the subject I have read.
http://www.eielson.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123117744