Generally speaking, the powder that produces the highest velocity in a long barrel will also produce the highest velocity in a shorter barrel.
However, that powder will also produce more and more muzzle blast as the barrel is shortened and will also produce more recoil from "rocket effect" than a faster burning powder might.
Bullet weight usually won't matter within reason. If a bullet would be stable at 24 or unstable at 20, the few fps difference isn't going to dramatically alter its stability. You're probably only losing 200fps at most from a 24" and probably closer to 100. In any case, not enough to really change the stability.
Personally, I like lighter bullets anyway, for speed, and faster powders for reducing muzzle blast and the associated rocket effect recoil.
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