Hot handloads will drive a 125gr @2200, a 158gr @1800, and a 180gr @1600fps from a Marlin .357 Carbine. Those are max limits, and may not be possible in all guns. Factory ammo runs about a couple hundred fps less.
The .38-55 data I could find shows one max load driving a 255gr @1800fps, One other max load doing 1500fps, and three max loads doing 1350ish, from a 26" barrel. And the factory duplication load was 1221fps.
Its not even apples and oranges, more like apples and pickles.
A trapper length .38-55 would probably give you all the power of .45 Colt from a 7.5" barrel. Maybe.
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All else being equal (and it almost never is) bigger bullets tend to work better.
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