A load of 1 oz of shot at 1200 fps recoils exactly the same in guns of equal weight. It does not matter if the gun is a 20, 16, 12 or 10 guage. The lighter the gun the greater the recoil. 20's are almost always lighter than 12's. It is also true that "SOME" 20 guage loads are lighter, but even with the lighter loads in a 20 the weight difference pretty much balances things out. There is a lot of overlap beween loads with many 12 guage loads being lighter than 20's. And recoiling much less.
http://www.handloads.com/calc/recoil.asp
You can use this website to calculte recoil. 1 oz of shot equals 437 gr bullet weight. A reasonable powder charge would be about 18 grains for either and both a 12 and a 20 will shoot to about 1200 fps. A Remington 870 in 12 guage weighs about 7.5 lbs and would have round 15 ft lbs of recoil. A 20 guage weighs about 6.5 lbs and would generate about 17.4 ft lb of recoil. These are pretty light loads and ANY buckshot load from either would have significantly more recoil.
Just for reference, a 308 generates around 16-17 ft lbs of recoil, a 30-06 around 18-19 and a 300 mag about 20-22 ft lbs. A load of buckshot from either is near 300 win mag recoil levels. An AR 15 only generates 3-4 ft lbs of recoil and is every bit as effective as a 12 loaded with buckshot with far less recoil than even a 410. A 410 in a 5-6 lb gun is still generating 10 ft lbs or so of recoil with a far less effective load. There is a reason the AR carbine has almost completely replaced fighting shotguns in LE.
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What is the recoil with a .410 using 00 buck loads comparable to? More or less than an AR-15?
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About 3X more recoil with the 410 vs AR