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--Does the full faith and credit clause apply in this situation?
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No. Or I should say, not anymore, if ever.
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--Are drivers licenses recognized by other states through their own volition, or did Congress mandate that the states must do so?
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It is through their own volition, for the most part, via the Drivers License Compact, which is financed by the Federal government. Not all states are members - reciprocity is not universal.
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--Will passage of this bill actually hurt anyone, cause states such as CA and NY to regress in gun-owners rights legislation?
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Maybe. One could make a case both ways.
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--What is the proper role of Congress? What is the proper role of SCOTUS? Are these different, and where do the lines fall?
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Congress legislates, the Judiciary evaluates the Constitutionality of that legislation (which is a gross oversimplification.)
The driver's license thing is interesting because the assumption is that your driver's license is good around the country. That's not necessarily so, from what I've read. If a state is not a member of the DLC, they are not obliged to recognize your driver's license. What does that mean? In the case of Nevada, for instance, not much. Although not a signatory, they'll accept your license. In another state (whose name escapes me at the moment), they may seize your license unless you post a bond. I suppose that it's at the officer's discretion.
Anyway, all of the debating about driver's licenses in the House was interesting because what universality there is is a result of the states working together to achieve it. And it's not perfect.