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The .243 is in the .308 cartridge family so it would definitely be a short action. Long actions are typically for the .30-06 family and similar length cartridges.
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Up until fairly recently bolt rifles were all long action. Rifles made for shorter cartridges were simply made with modified magazines and bolt stops designed for them. You will find many older long action rifles chambered for short cartridges. And even then all things are not equal. Remington offers 2 different short actions, 700 and 7 which are very different. Savage short actions are virtually the same length as everyone else's long action.
But to the best of my knowledge the 788 was only made in one action length designed around the 243/308 family.