Once upon a time you could buy fully chambered Mauser barrels.
It was then considered that the inner collar was held to close enough tolerances to allow screw-in installation. But we are more careful now.
Once upon a time, a decent lathe did not cost $8000 and it was assumed that any serious gunsmith would have one. So barrels were sold long chambered and were fitted by setting back in the lathe. That way the gunsmith did not have to have a library of chamber reamers for anything he might get an order for, just a pair of headspace gauges for all the usual sizes.
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